Organization of Transcriptionally Active and Inactive Chromatin

نویسندگان

  • HANSWALTER ZENTGRAF
  • ULRICH SCHEER
چکیده

Der Aufbau des Nukleosoms als Grundbaustein des Chromatins der Eukaryontenzelle, mit Ausnahme des Dinoflagellaten-Zellkerns, wird biochemisch und elektronenmikroskopisch vorgestellt als eine Einheit eines Oktamers aus Histonen (2 X H2A, 2XH2B, 2X H3, 2X H4) und einem Betrag von etwa 150 Basenpaaren DNA. Diese Partikel sind durch einen Zwischenbereich von weiteren etwa 50 Basenpaaren DNA verbunden, an dem auch Histone der HlFamilie beteiligt sind. Verschiedene nichtnukleosomale Zustande von DNA in Eukaryontenzellen, besonders nach Virus-Infektionen, werden ebenfalls vorgestellt. Bei der Diskussion der supranukleosomalen Anordnung des Chromatins wird das Fur und Wider von zwei Modellen (Solenoid und Globuli) besprochen; insbesondere wird auf die Verschiedenheit der Dimensionen der supranukleosomalen Fibrillen (Dicken-Unterschiede von 20 bis 50 nm) in verschiedenen Zelltypen eingegangen. Transkriptionell aktives Chromatin erscheint sowo hi strukturell wie biochemisch in geanderter Form vorzuliegen: im Vergleich zur Anordnung in nukleosomalen Partikelketten erscheint es gestreckt, etwa wie es der Lange der B-Form der DNA entspricht, und seine DNA ist wesentlich empfindlicher gegenuber verschiedenen Nukleasen. Die Struktur von maximal transkribiertem Chromatin wird besonders am Beispiel von nukleoIaren Genen und von Lampenburstenchromosomenschleifen besprochen.

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تاریخ انتشار 2009